به نام خدا
استفاده از کتاب‌خانه‌ی dplyr
dplyr چیست و چرا؟
مصورسازی داده‌ها ابزار بسیار مهمی برای فهمیدن و کسب اطلاعات از داده‌هاست اما موارد معدودی وجود دارد که داده را به همان صورتی که نیاز داریم دریافت می‌کنیم؛ معمولا به متغیرهای جدید، خلاصه‌سازی، تغییر نام یا ترتیب متغیرها نیاز داریم تا داده را به شکلی دربیاوریم که کار با آن ساده‌تر شود. کتاب‌خانهٔ dplyr ابزاری برای این کار است. اما چرا برای این مقصود از این پکیج استفاده می‌کنیم؟برای بررسی و تبدیل داده مناسب است.
برای خواندن و نوشتن ساده و شهودی است؛ به خصوص زمانی که از سینتکس زنجیره‌ای استفاده می‌کنیم.
بر روی دیتافریم‌ها سریع کار می‌کند.
این کتاب‌خانه یکی از کتاب‌خانه‌های مجموعهٔ tidyverse است که برای کاهای مربوط به علوم داده در R طراحی شده است.
مصورسازی داده‌ها ابزار بسیار مهمی برای فهمیدن و کسب اطلاعات از داده‌هاست اما موارد معدودی وجود دارد که داده را به همان صورتی که نیاز داریم دریافت می‌کنیم؛ معمولا به متغیرهای جدید، خلاصه‌سازی، تغییر نام یا ترتیب متغیرها نیاز داریم تا داده را به شکلی دربیاوریم که کار با آن ساده‌تر شود. کتاب‌خانهٔ dplyr ابزاری برای این کار است. اما چرا برای این مقصود از این پکیج استفاده می‌کنیم؟
نصب کردن dplyr
In [2]:
install.packages("dplyr")
library(dplyr)
در ادامه قصد داریم با استفاده از این کتاب‌خانه داده‌های مربوط به چند دیتاست را تحلیل کنیم. برای نصب این دیتاست‌ها کد زیر را اجرا کنید.
توجه کنید که برای نصب کردن پکیج‌ها باید از کنسول Rstudio استفاده کنید.
توجه کنید که برای نصب کردن پکیج‌ها باید از کنسول Rstudio استفاده کنید.
In [4]:
library(tidyverse)
library(devtools)
# install.packages("nycflights13")
library(nycflights13)
# install_github('jalapic/engsoccerdata', username = "jalapic")
library(engsoccerdata)
تحلیل داده‌های مسابقات فوتبال
In [5]:
data(package="engsoccerdata") # lists datasets currently available
fdb = as.tbl(england)
head(fdb,10)
| Date | Season | home | visitor | FT | hgoal | vgoal | division | tier | totgoal | goaldif | result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1888-12-15 | 1888 | Accrington F.C. | Aston Villa | 1-1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | D |
| 1889-01-19 | 1888 | Accrington F.C. | Blackburn Rovers | 0-2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | -2 | A |
| 1889-03-23 | 1888 | Accrington F.C. | Bolton Wanderers | 2-3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | -1 | A |
| 1888-12-01 | 1888 | Accrington F.C. | Burnley | 5-1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 | H |
| 1888-10-13 | 1888 | Accrington F.C. | Derby County | 6-2 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 4 | H |
| 1888-12-29 | 1888 | Accrington F.C. | Everton | 3-1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | H |
| 1889-01-26 | 1888 | Accrington F.C. | Notts County | 1-2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | -1 | A |
| 1888-10-20 | 1888 | Accrington F.C. | Preston North End | 0-0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | D |
| 1889-04-20 | 1888 | Accrington F.C. | Stoke City | 2-0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | H |
| 1888-11-24 | 1888 | Accrington F.C. | West Bromwich Albion | 2-1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | H |
پس از اجرای کد بالا لیستی از مجموعه‌داده‌های موجود در این کتاب‌خانه نمایش داده می‌شود.
برای مثال بیایید با دیتاهای مربوط به مسابقات فوتبال انگلستان شروع کنیم. ابتدا باید داده‌ها را به قالب tibbleها دربیاوریم. tibbleها نوعی از دیتافریم‌ها هستند که برای کار کردن در tidyverse بهینه‌سازی شده‌اند. قطعه کد زیر این کار را انجام می‌دهد. (توجه کنید که تابع
برای مثال بیایید با دیتاهای مربوط به مسابقات فوتبال انگلستان شروع کنیم. ابتدا باید داده‌ها را به قالب tibbleها دربیاوریم. tibbleها نوعی از دیتافریم‌ها هستند که برای کار کردن در tidyverse بهینه‌سازی شده‌اند. قطعه کد زیر این کار را انجام می‌دهد. (توجه کنید که تابع
head چند سطر بالایی یک دیتافریم را نمایش می‌دهد)
In [6]:
fdb = as.tbl(england)
head(fdb,10)
| Date | Season | home | visitor | FT | hgoal | vgoal | division | tier | totgoal | goaldif | result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1888-12-15 | 1888 | Accrington F.C. | Aston Villa | 1-1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | D |
| 1889-01-19 | 1888 | Accrington F.C. | Blackburn Rovers | 0-2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | -2 | A |
| 1889-03-23 | 1888 | Accrington F.C. | Bolton Wanderers | 2-3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | -1 | A |
| 1888-12-01 | 1888 | Accrington F.C. | Burnley | 5-1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 | H |
| 1888-10-13 | 1888 | Accrington F.C. | Derby County | 6-2 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 4 | H |
| 1888-12-29 | 1888 | Accrington F.C. | Everton | 3-1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | H |
| 1889-01-26 | 1888 | Accrington F.C. | Notts County | 1-2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | -1 | A |
| 1888-10-20 | 1888 | Accrington F.C. | Preston North End | 0-0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | D |
| 1889-04-20 | 1888 | Accrington F.C. | Stoke City | 2-0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | H |
| 1888-11-24 | 1888 | Accrington F.C. | West Bromwich Albion | 2-1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | H |
هر کدام از ستون‌های این جدول نوع خاص خود را دارند. هر نوع داده یک عبارت اختصاری دارد؛ عبارت‌های اختصاری رایج در ادامه معرفی می‌شوند.
int: برای اعداد صحیحdbl: برای اعداد حقیقیchr: برای آرایه‌های کاراکتری یا رشته‌هاdttm: برای تاریخ-زمان‌ها (یک date+یک time)lgl: برای متغیرها و آرایه‌های منطقی که تنها مقادیر TRUE یا FALSE می‌پذیرندfctr: فاکتورها که R از آن‌ها برای متغیرهای دارای دسته‌بندی (که مقادیر مشخص از پیش تعیین‌شده می‌پذیرند) استفاده می‌کند.date: برای تاریخ‌ها
توابع dplyr
در این بخش شما با پنج تابع کلیدی در کتاب‌خانهٔ dplyr آشنا می‌شوید که به شما این امکان را می‌دهند تا عمدهٔ چالش‌های مربوط به بخش داده‌ورزی خود را حل کنید
۱. نخستین ورودی یک دیتافریم است.
۲. ورودی‌های بعدی با استفاده از متغیرها مشخص می‌کنند که قرار است با دیتافریم چه کار کنیم
۳. نتیجهٔ نهایی یک دیتافریم جدید است.
این ویژگی مشترک باعث می‌شود تا بتوانیم قدم‌هایی ساده را به صورت زنجیروار برداریم تا به نتایج پیچیده‌ای برسیم.
در این بخش شما با پنج تابع کلیدی در کتاب‌خانهٔ dplyr آشنا می‌شوید که به شما این امکان را می‌دهند تا عمدهٔ چالش‌های مربوط به بخش داده‌ورزی خود را حل کنید
filter()انتخاب بر اساس مقدارarrange()تغییر ترتیب ردیف‌هاselect()انتخاب متغیرها بر اساس نام‌شانmutate()ساختن متغیرهای جدیدی که تابعی از متغیرهای موجود هستندsummarise()تبدیل کردن چند مقدار به یک خلاصه (summery)group_by() استفاده شوند که می‌تواند محدودهٔ عمل‌کرد هر کدام از آن‌ها را از کل مجموعه داده (dataset) به گروه‌به‌گروه تغییر دهد.
در مجموع این شش تابع افعال زبان داده‌ورزی را تشکیل می‌دهند.
همهٔ افعال به شکل مشابهی کار می‌کنند.۱. نخستین ورودی یک دیتافریم است.
۲. ورودی‌های بعدی با استفاده از متغیرها مشخص می‌کنند که قرار است با دیتافریم چه کار کنیم
۳. نتیجهٔ نهایی یک دیتافریم جدید است.
این ویژگی مشترک باعث می‌شود تا بتوانیم قدم‌هایی ساده را به صورت زنجیروار برداریم تا به نتایج پیچیده‌ای برسیم.
آشنایی با عمل‌گر Pipe
پیش از ادامه بیایید با یک عمل‌گر جالب در R آشنا شویم. عمل‌گر Pipe
برای مثال قطعه کد زیر ۲۰ نمونه از توزیع نرمال می‌گیرد سپس با هم جمع می‌کند سپس حاصل‌جمع را تا یک رقم اعشار گرد می‌کند.
پیش از ادامه بیایید با یک عمل‌گر جالب در R آشنا شویم. عمل‌گر Pipe
%>% از کتاب‌خانهٔ magrittr به ما این قابلیت را می‌دهد تا به جای استفاده کردن توابع به صورت تودرتو آن‌ها را به صورت زنجیروار استفاده کنیم. استفاده از این عمل‌گر برای کار با dplyr اجباری نیست با این حال به شکل واضحی خوانایی کد شما را افزایش می‌دهد. %>% خروجی یک تابع را به عنوان ورودی اول به یک تابع دیگر پاس می‌دهد. برای مثال قطعه کد زیر ۲۰ نمونه از توزیع نرمال می‌گیرد سپس با هم جمع می‌کند سپس حاصل‌جمع را تا یک رقم اعشار گرد می‌کند.
In [7]:
round(sum(rnorm(20)),1)
20 %>% rnorm() %>% sum() %>% round(1)
-1.4
-4.9
آشنایی با عمل‌گر Pipe
x %>% f معادل f(x)x %>% f(y, .) معادل f(y, x)x %>% f %>% g %>% h معادل h(g(f(x)))x %>% f(y, z = .) معادل f(y, z = x)x %>% f(y = nrow(.), z = ncol(.)) معادل f(x, y = nrow(x), z = ncol(x))
ساختن توابع تک‌متغیره: هر زنجیری از توابع که با
. آغاز شود؛ به عنوان خروجی یک تابع برمی‌گرداند که بعدا می‌تواند بر روی مقادیر مورد نظر ما اعمال شود.
In [8]:
f <- . %>% cos %>% sin
# is equivalent to
f <- function(.) sin(cos(.))
چند مثال از کار با dplyr
پیدا کردن همهٔ بازی‌های خانگی
In [9]:
## Extract home games
fdb %>%
filter(home == "Manchester United" ) -> HManU
HManU
dim(HManU)
| Date | Season | home | visitor | FT | hgoal | vgoal | division | tier | totgoal | goaldif | result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1893-04-08 | 1892 | Manchester United | Accrington F.C. | 3-3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 0 | D |
| 1892-11-19 | 1892 | Manchester United | Aston Villa | 2-0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | H |
| 1892-11-05 | 1892 | Manchester United | Blackburn Rovers | 4-4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 0 | D |
| 1892-12-10 | 1892 | Manchester United | Bolton Wanderers | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H |
| 1892-09-10 | 1892 | Manchester United | Burnley | 1-1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | D |
| 1892-12-31 | 1892 | Manchester United | Derby County | 7-1 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 6 | H |
| 1892-10-19 | 1892 | Manchester United | Everton | 3-4 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 7 | -1 | A |
| 1893-01-14 | 1892 | Manchester United | Nottingham Forest | 1-3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | -2 | A |
| 1892-11-12 | 1892 | Manchester United | Notts County | 1-3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | -2 | A |
| 1893-04-01 | 1892 | Manchester United | Preston North End | 2-1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | H |
| 1892-12-24 | 1892 | Manchester United | Sheffield Wednesday | 1-5 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 6 | -4 | A |
| 1893-03-31 | 1892 | Manchester United | Stoke City | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H |
| 1893-03-04 | 1892 | Manchester United | Sunderland | 0-5 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 5 | -5 | A |
| 1892-10-08 | 1892 | Manchester United | West Bromwich Albion | 2-4 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 6 | -2 | A |
| 1892-10-15 | 1892 | Manchester United | Wolverhampton Wanderers | 10-1 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 9 | H |
| 1893-12-16 | 1893 | Manchester United | Aston Villa | 1-3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | -2 | A |
| 1894-03-12 | 1893 | Manchester United | Blackburn Rovers | 5-1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 | H |
| 1894-03-24 | 1893 | Manchester United | Bolton Wanderers | 2-2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | D |
| 1893-09-02 | 1893 | Manchester United | Burnley | 3-2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | H |
| 1893-11-04 | 1893 | Manchester United | Darwen | 0-1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | A |
| 1894-03-17 | 1893 | Manchester United | Derby County | 2-6 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 8 | -4 | A |
| 1893-12-02 | 1893 | Manchester United | Everton | 0-3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | -3 | A |
| 1893-09-23 | 1893 | Manchester United | Nottingham Forest | 1-1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | D |
| 1894-04-14 | 1893 | Manchester United | Preston North End | 1-3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | -2 | A |
| 1894-03-10 | 1893 | Manchester United | Sheffield United | 0-2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | -2 | A |
| 1894-01-13 | 1893 | Manchester United | Sheffield Wednesday | 1-2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | -1 | A |
| 1894-03-23 | 1893 | Manchester United | Stoke City | 6-2 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 4 | H |
| 1894-03-03 | 1893 | Manchester United | Sunderland | 2-4 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 6 | -2 | A |
| 1893-10-14 | 1893 | Manchester United | West Bromwich Albion | 4-1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | H |
| 1893-11-11 | 1893 | Manchester United | Wolverhampton Wanderers | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H |
| ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ |
| 2014-12-14 | 2014 | Manchester United | Liverpool | 3-0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | H |
| 2014-12-26 | 2014 | Manchester United | Newcastle United | 3-1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | H |
| 2015-01-11 | 2014 | Manchester United | Southampton | 0-1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | A |
| 2015-01-31 | 2014 | Manchester United | Leicester City | 3-1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | H |
| 2015-02-11 | 2014 | Manchester United | Burnley | 3-1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | H |
| 2015-02-28 | 2014 | Manchester United | Sunderland | 2-0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | H |
| 2015-03-15 | 2014 | Manchester United | Tottenham Hotspur | 3-0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | H |
| 2015-04-04 | 2014 | Manchester United | Aston Villa | 3-1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | H |
| 2015-04-12 | 2014 | Manchester United | Manchester City | 4-2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 2 | H |
| 2015-05-02 | 2014 | Manchester United | West Bromwich Albion | 0-1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | A |
| 2015-05-17 | 2014 | Manchester United | Arsenal | 1-1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | D |
| 2015-08-08 | 2015 | Manchester United | Tottenham Hotspur | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H |
| 2015-08-22 | 2015 | Manchester United | Newcastle United | 0-0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | D |
| 2015-09-12 | 2015 | Manchester United | Liverpool | 3-1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | H |
| 2015-09-26 | 2015 | Manchester United | Sunderland | 3-0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | H |
| 2015-10-25 | 2015 | Manchester United | Manchester City | 0-0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | D |
| 2015-11-07 | 2015 | Manchester United | West Bromwich Albion | 2-0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | H |
| 2015-12-05 | 2015 | Manchester United | West Ham United | 0-0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | D |
| 2015-12-19 | 2015 | Manchester United | Norwich City | 1-2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | -1 | A |
| 2015-12-28 | 2015 | Manchester United | Chelsea | 0-0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | D |
| 2016-01-02 | 2015 | Manchester United | Swansea City | 2-1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | H |
| 2016-01-23 | 2015 | Manchester United | Southampton | 0-1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | A |
| 2016-02-02 | 2015 | Manchester United | Stoke City | 3-0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | H |
| 2016-02-28 | 2015 | Manchester United | Arsenal | 3-2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | H |
| 2016-03-02 | 2015 | Manchester United | Watford | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H |
| 2016-04-20 | 2015 | Manchester United | Crystal Palace | 2-0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | H |
| 2016-04-03 | 2015 | Manchester United | Everton | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H |
| 2016-04-16 | 2015 | Manchester United | Aston Villa | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H |
| 2016-05-01 | 2015 | Manchester United | Leicester City | 1-1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | D |
| 2016-05-16 | 2015 | Manchester United | AFC Bournemouth | 3-1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | H |
- 2240
- 12
پیدا کردن همهٔ بازی‌هایی که تیم منچستریونایتد در آن‌ها شرکت داشته است.
In [10]:
# Extract all records of team
fdb %>%
filter(home == "Manchester United" | visitor == "Manchester United") -> ManU
ManU
dim(ManU)
| Date | Season | home | visitor | FT | hgoal | vgoal | division | tier | totgoal | goaldif | result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1892-11-26 | 1892 | Accrington F.C. | Manchester United | 2-2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | D |
| 1893-03-06 | 1892 | Aston Villa | Manchester United | 2-0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | H |
| 1892-09-03 | 1892 | Blackburn Rovers | Manchester United | 4-3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 1 | H |
| 1892-12-03 | 1892 | Bolton Wanderers | Manchester United | 4-1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | H |
| 1892-09-17 | 1892 | Burnley | Manchester United | 4-1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | H |
| 1893-02-11 | 1892 | Derby County | Manchester United | 5-1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 | H |
| 1892-09-24 | 1892 | Everton | Manchester United | 6-0 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 6 | H |
| 1893-04-08 | 1892 | Manchester United | Accrington F.C. | 3-3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 0 | D |
| 1892-11-19 | 1892 | Manchester United | Aston Villa | 2-0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | H |
| 1892-11-05 | 1892 | Manchester United | Blackburn Rovers | 4-4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 0 | D |
| 1892-12-10 | 1892 | Manchester United | Bolton Wanderers | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H |
| 1892-09-10 | 1892 | Manchester United | Burnley | 1-1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | D |
| 1892-12-31 | 1892 | Manchester United | Derby County | 7-1 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 6 | H |
| 1892-10-19 | 1892 | Manchester United | Everton | 3-4 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 7 | -1 | A |
| 1893-01-14 | 1892 | Manchester United | Nottingham Forest | 1-3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | -2 | A |
| 1892-11-12 | 1892 | Manchester United | Notts County | 1-3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | -2 | A |
| 1893-04-01 | 1892 | Manchester United | Preston North End | 2-1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | H |
| 1892-12-24 | 1892 | Manchester United | Sheffield Wednesday | 1-5 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 6 | -4 | A |
| 1893-03-31 | 1892 | Manchester United | Stoke City | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H |
| 1893-03-04 | 1892 | Manchester United | Sunderland | 0-5 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 5 | -5 | A |
| 1892-10-08 | 1892 | Manchester United | West Bromwich Albion | 2-4 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 6 | -2 | A |
| 1892-10-15 | 1892 | Manchester United | Wolverhampton Wanderers | 10-1 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 9 | H |
| 1892-10-29 | 1892 | Nottingham Forest | Manchester United | 1-1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | D |
| 1893-01-26 | 1892 | Notts County | Manchester United | 4-0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | H |
| 1892-12-26 | 1892 | Preston North End | Manchester United | 2-1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | H |
| 1892-10-22 | 1892 | Sheffield Wednesday | Manchester United | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H |
| 1893-01-07 | 1892 | Stoke City | Manchester United | 7-1 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 6 | H |
| 1893-04-04 | 1892 | Sunderland | Manchester United | 6-0 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 6 | H |
| 1892-10-01 | 1892 | West Bromwich Albion | Manchester United | 0-0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | D |
| 1892-12-17 | 1892 | Wolverhampton Wanderers | Manchester United | 2-0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | H |
| ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ |
| 2015-10-17 | 2015 | Everton | Manchester United | 0-3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | -3 | A |
| 2015-10-25 | 2015 | Manchester United | Manchester City | 0-0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | D |
| 2015-10-31 | 2015 | Crystal Palace | Manchester United | 0-0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | D |
| 2015-11-07 | 2015 | Manchester United | West Bromwich Albion | 2-0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | H |
| 2015-11-21 | 2015 | Watford | Manchester United | 1-2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | -1 | A |
| 2015-11-28 | 2015 | Leicester City | Manchester United | 1-1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | D |
| 2015-12-05 | 2015 | Manchester United | West Ham United | 0-0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | D |
| 2015-12-12 | 2015 | AFC Bournemouth | Manchester United | 2-1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | H |
| 2015-12-19 | 2015 | Manchester United | Norwich City | 1-2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | -1 | A |
| 2015-12-26 | 2015 | Stoke City | Manchester United | 2-0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | H |
| 2015-12-28 | 2015 | Manchester United | Chelsea | 0-0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | D |
| 2016-01-02 | 2015 | Manchester United | Swansea City | 2-1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | H |
| 2016-01-12 | 2015 | Newcastle United | Manchester United | 3-3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 0 | D |
| 2016-01-17 | 2015 | Liverpool | Manchester United | 0-1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | A |
| 2016-01-23 | 2015 | Manchester United | Southampton | 0-1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | A |
| 2016-02-02 | 2015 | Manchester United | Stoke City | 3-0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | H |
| 2016-02-07 | 2015 | Chelsea | Manchester United | 1-1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | D |
| 2016-02-13 | 2015 | Sunderland | Manchester United | 2-1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | H |
| 2016-02-28 | 2015 | Manchester United | Arsenal | 3-2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | H |
| 2016-03-02 | 2015 | Manchester United | Watford | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H |
| 2016-03-06 | 2015 | West Bromwich Albion | Manchester United | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H |
| 2016-04-20 | 2015 | Manchester United | Crystal Palace | 2-0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | H |
| 2016-03-20 | 2015 | Manchester City | Manchester United | 0-1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | A |
| 2016-04-03 | 2015 | Manchester United | Everton | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H |
| 2016-04-10 | 2015 | Tottenham Hotspur | Manchester United | 3-0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | H |
| 2016-04-16 | 2015 | Manchester United | Aston Villa | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H |
| 2016-05-10 | 2015 | West Ham United | Manchester United | 3-2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | H |
| 2016-05-01 | 2015 | Manchester United | Leicester City | 1-1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | D |
| 2016-05-07 | 2015 | Norwich City | Manchester United | 0-1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | A |
| 2016-05-16 | 2015 | Manchester United | AFC Bournemouth | 3-1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | H |
- 4480
- 12
نمایش چند ستون از دیتافریم ManU.
In [11]:
# Select columns with select()
ManU %>%
select(home,visitor,FT)
| home | visitor | FT |
|---|---|---|
| Accrington F.C. | Manchester United | 2-2 |
| Aston Villa | Manchester United | 2-0 |
| Blackburn Rovers | Manchester United | 4-3 |
| Bolton Wanderers | Manchester United | 4-1 |
| Burnley | Manchester United | 4-1 |
| Derby County | Manchester United | 5-1 |
| Everton | Manchester United | 6-0 |
| Manchester United | Accrington F.C. | 3-3 |
| Manchester United | Aston Villa | 2-0 |
| Manchester United | Blackburn Rovers | 4-4 |
| Manchester United | Bolton Wanderers | 1-0 |
| Manchester United | Burnley | 1-1 |
| Manchester United | Derby County | 7-1 |
| Manchester United | Everton | 3-4 |
| Manchester United | Nottingham Forest | 1-3 |
| Manchester United | Notts County | 1-3 |
| Manchester United | Preston North End | 2-1 |
| Manchester United | Sheffield Wednesday | 1-5 |
| Manchester United | Stoke City | 1-0 |
| Manchester United | Sunderland | 0-5 |
| Manchester United | West Bromwich Albion | 2-4 |
| Manchester United | Wolverhampton Wanderers | 10-1 |
| Nottingham Forest | Manchester United | 1-1 |
| Notts County | Manchester United | 4-0 |
| Preston North End | Manchester United | 2-1 |
| Sheffield Wednesday | Manchester United | 1-0 |
| Stoke City | Manchester United | 7-1 |
| Sunderland | Manchester United | 6-0 |
| West Bromwich Albion | Manchester United | 0-0 |
| Wolverhampton Wanderers | Manchester United | 2-0 |
| ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ |
| Everton | Manchester United | 0-3 |
| Manchester United | Manchester City | 0-0 |
| Crystal Palace | Manchester United | 0-0 |
| Manchester United | West Bromwich Albion | 2-0 |
| Watford | Manchester United | 1-2 |
| Leicester City | Manchester United | 1-1 |
| Manchester United | West Ham United | 0-0 |
| AFC Bournemouth | Manchester United | 2-1 |
| Manchester United | Norwich City | 1-2 |
| Stoke City | Manchester United | 2-0 |
| Manchester United | Chelsea | 0-0 |
| Manchester United | Swansea City | 2-1 |
| Newcastle United | Manchester United | 3-3 |
| Liverpool | Manchester United | 0-1 |
| Manchester United | Southampton | 0-1 |
| Manchester United | Stoke City | 3-0 |
| Chelsea | Manchester United | 1-1 |
| Sunderland | Manchester United | 2-1 |
| Manchester United | Arsenal | 3-2 |
| Manchester United | Watford | 1-0 |
| West Bromwich Albion | Manchester United | 1-0 |
| Manchester United | Crystal Palace | 2-0 |
| Manchester City | Manchester United | 0-1 |
| Manchester United | Everton | 1-0 |
| Tottenham Hotspur | Manchester United | 3-0 |
| Manchester United | Aston Villa | 1-0 |
| West Ham United | Manchester United | 3-2 |
| Manchester United | Leicester City | 1-1 |
| Norwich City | Manchester United | 0-1 |
| Manchester United | AFC Bournemouth | 3-1 |
نمایش چند ستون متوالی از دیتافریم ManU
In [12]:
# Select sequence of columns
ManU %>%
select(Date:FT)
| Date | Season | home | visitor | FT |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1892-11-26 | 1892 | Accrington F.C. | Manchester United | 2-2 |
| 1893-03-06 | 1892 | Aston Villa | Manchester United | 2-0 |
| 1892-09-03 | 1892 | Blackburn Rovers | Manchester United | 4-3 |
| 1892-12-03 | 1892 | Bolton Wanderers | Manchester United | 4-1 |
| 1892-09-17 | 1892 | Burnley | Manchester United | 4-1 |
| 1893-02-11 | 1892 | Derby County | Manchester United | 5-1 |
| 1892-09-24 | 1892 | Everton | Manchester United | 6-0 |
| 1893-04-08 | 1892 | Manchester United | Accrington F.C. | 3-3 |
| 1892-11-19 | 1892 | Manchester United | Aston Villa | 2-0 |
| 1892-11-05 | 1892 | Manchester United | Blackburn Rovers | 4-4 |
| 1892-12-10 | 1892 | Manchester United | Bolton Wanderers | 1-0 |
| 1892-09-10 | 1892 | Manchester United | Burnley | 1-1 |
| 1892-12-31 | 1892 | Manchester United | Derby County | 7-1 |
| 1892-10-19 | 1892 | Manchester United | Everton | 3-4 |
| 1893-01-14 | 1892 | Manchester United | Nottingham Forest | 1-3 |
| 1892-11-12 | 1892 | Manchester United | Notts County | 1-3 |
| 1893-04-01 | 1892 | Manchester United | Preston North End | 2-1 |
| 1892-12-24 | 1892 | Manchester United | Sheffield Wednesday | 1-5 |
| 1893-03-31 | 1892 | Manchester United | Stoke City | 1-0 |
| 1893-03-04 | 1892 | Manchester United | Sunderland | 0-5 |
| 1892-10-08 | 1892 | Manchester United | West Bromwich Albion | 2-4 |
| 1892-10-15 | 1892 | Manchester United | Wolverhampton Wanderers | 10-1 |
| 1892-10-29 | 1892 | Nottingham Forest | Manchester United | 1-1 |
| 1893-01-26 | 1892 | Notts County | Manchester United | 4-0 |
| 1892-12-26 | 1892 | Preston North End | Manchester United | 2-1 |
| 1892-10-22 | 1892 | Sheffield Wednesday | Manchester United | 1-0 |
| 1893-01-07 | 1892 | Stoke City | Manchester United | 7-1 |
| 1893-04-04 | 1892 | Sunderland | Manchester United | 6-0 |
| 1892-10-01 | 1892 | West Bromwich Albion | Manchester United | 0-0 |
| 1892-12-17 | 1892 | Wolverhampton Wanderers | Manchester United | 2-0 |
| ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ |
| 2015-10-17 | 2015 | Everton | Manchester United | 0-3 |
| 2015-10-25 | 2015 | Manchester United | Manchester City | 0-0 |
| 2015-10-31 | 2015 | Crystal Palace | Manchester United | 0-0 |
| 2015-11-07 | 2015 | Manchester United | West Bromwich Albion | 2-0 |
| 2015-11-21 | 2015 | Watford | Manchester United | 1-2 |
| 2015-11-28 | 2015 | Leicester City | Manchester United | 1-1 |
| 2015-12-05 | 2015 | Manchester United | West Ham United | 0-0 |
| 2015-12-12 | 2015 | AFC Bournemouth | Manchester United | 2-1 |
| 2015-12-19 | 2015 | Manchester United | Norwich City | 1-2 |
| 2015-12-26 | 2015 | Stoke City | Manchester United | 2-0 |
| 2015-12-28 | 2015 | Manchester United | Chelsea | 0-0 |
| 2016-01-02 | 2015 | Manchester United | Swansea City | 2-1 |
| 2016-01-12 | 2015 | Newcastle United | Manchester United | 3-3 |
| 2016-01-17 | 2015 | Liverpool | Manchester United | 0-1 |
| 2016-01-23 | 2015 | Manchester United | Southampton | 0-1 |
| 2016-02-02 | 2015 | Manchester United | Stoke City | 3-0 |
| 2016-02-07 | 2015 | Chelsea | Manchester United | 1-1 |
| 2016-02-13 | 2015 | Sunderland | Manchester United | 2-1 |
| 2016-02-28 | 2015 | Manchester United | Arsenal | 3-2 |
| 2016-03-02 | 2015 | Manchester United | Watford | 1-0 |
| 2016-03-06 | 2015 | West Bromwich Albion | Manchester United | 1-0 |
| 2016-04-20 | 2015 | Manchester United | Crystal Palace | 2-0 |
| 2016-03-20 | 2015 | Manchester City | Manchester United | 0-1 |
| 2016-04-03 | 2015 | Manchester United | Everton | 1-0 |
| 2016-04-10 | 2015 | Tottenham Hotspur | Manchester United | 3-0 |
| 2016-04-16 | 2015 | Manchester United | Aston Villa | 1-0 |
| 2016-05-10 | 2015 | West Ham United | Manchester United | 3-2 |
| 2016-05-01 | 2015 | Manchester United | Leicester City | 1-1 |
| 2016-05-07 | 2015 | Norwich City | Manchester United | 0-1 |
| 2016-05-16 | 2015 | Manchester United | AFC Bournemouth | 3-1 |
پیدا کردن بردهای خانگی و خارج از خانهٔ یک تیم؛ (تابع
rbind دو دیتافریم را بر اساس ردیف‌های آن ادغام می‌کند.) به نحوهٔ استفاده از تابع summarise توجه کنید.
In [13]:
# Find Game Winning Numbers
# Home wins
ManU %>% filter(home == "Manchester United") %>%
select(team = home, opp = visitor,Season, MG = hgoal,OG = vgoal) -> hw
# Visitors wins
ManU %>% filter(visitor == "Manchester United") %>%
select(team = visitor, opp = home,Season, Season, MG = vgoal,OG = hgoal) -> vw
wman = rbind(hw,vw) # bind home and visitors wins
head(wman,2)
# Total result summary
wman %>% summarise(Win = sum(MG > OG),Equal = sum(MG == OG),Loose = sum(MG < OG))
| team | opp | Season | MG | OG |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manchester United | Accrington F.C. | 1892 | 3 | 3 |
| Manchester United | Aston Villa | 1892 | 2 | 0 |
| Win | Equal | Loose |
|---|---|---|
| 2154 | 1066 | 1260 |
پیدا کردن ده بازی‌ای که در آن‌ها بیش‌ترین تعداد گل ردوبدل شده است. تابع
desc() برای مرتب کردن یک ستون به صورت نزولی به کار می‌رود
In [14]:
# Ten high-scoring football match!
ManU %>%
arrange(desc(totgoal)) %>%
slice(1:10)
| Date | Season | home | visitor | FT | hgoal | vgoal | division | tier | totgoal | goaldif | result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1892-10-15 | 1892 | Manchester United | Wolverhampton Wanderers | 10-1 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 9 | H |
| 1908-03-25 | 1907 | Liverpool | Manchester United | 7-4 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 3 | H |
| 1930-09-13 | 1930 | Manchester United | Newcastle United | 4-7 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 11 | -3 | A |
| 1954-10-16 | 1954 | Chelsea | Manchester United | 5-6 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 11 | -1 | A |
| 1895-11-16 | 1895 | Manchester United | Lincoln City | 5-5 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 10 | 0 | D |
| 1933-12-26 | 1933 | Grimsby Town | Manchester United | 7-3 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 10 | 4 | H |
| 1960-01-02 | 1959 | Newcastle United | Manchester United | 7-3 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 4 | H |
| 2011-08-28 | 2011 | Manchester United | Arsenal | 8-2 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 6 | H |
| 2013-05-19 | 2012 | West Bromwich Albion | Manchester United | 5-5 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 0 | D |
| 1895-04-03 | 1894 | Manchester United | Walsall | 9-0 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 9 | H |
پیدا کردن بزرگ‌ترین بردهای خانگی
In [15]:
# The Top 10 Biggest Home Wins
ManU %>%
filter(home == "Manchester United") %>%
arrange(desc(hgoal),vgoal) %>%
slice(1:10)
| Date | Season | home | visitor | FT | hgoal | vgoal | division | tier | totgoal | goaldif | result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1892-10-15 | 1892 | Manchester United | Wolverhampton Wanderers | 10-1 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 9 | H |
| 1895-04-03 | 1894 | Manchester United | Walsall | 9-0 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 9 | H |
| 1898-12-24 | 1898 | Manchester United | Darwen | 9-0 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 9 | H |
| 1995-03-04 | 1994 | Manchester United | Ipswich Town | 9-0 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 9 | H |
| 1969-03-19 | 1968 | Manchester United | Queens Park Rangers | 8-1 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 7 | H |
| 2011-08-28 | 2011 | Manchester United | Arsenal | 8-2 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 6 | H |
| 1905-01-02 | 1904 | Manchester United | Bradford City | 7-0 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 7 | H |
| 1950-03-08 | 1949 | Manchester United | Aston Villa | 7-0 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 7 | H |
| 1964-10-24 | 1964 | Manchester United | Aston Villa | 7-0 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 7 | H |
| 1970-04-08 | 1969 | Manchester United | West Bromwich Albion | 7-0 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 7 | H |
پیدا کردن همهٔ تیم‌هایی مجزایی که با میهمان تیم منچستر یونایتد بوده‌اند
In [16]:
# Extract distinct Teams
ManU %>%
filter(home == "Manchester United") %>%
select(visitor) %>%
distinct()
| visitor |
|---|
| Accrington F.C. |
| Aston Villa |
| Blackburn Rovers |
| Bolton Wanderers |
| Burnley |
| Derby County |
| Everton |
| Nottingham Forest |
| Notts County |
| Preston North End |
| Sheffield Wednesday |
| Stoke City |
| Sunderland |
| West Bromwich Albion |
| Wolverhampton Wanderers |
| Darwen |
| Sheffield United |
| Arsenal |
| Burton Swifts |
| Burton Wanderers |
| Bury |
| Crewe Alexandra |
| Grimsby Town |
| Leicester City |
| Lincoln City |
| Manchester City |
| Newcastle United |
| Port Vale |
| Rotherham Town |
| Walsall |
| ⋮ |
| Cardiff City |
| Coventry City |
| Crystal Palace |
| Fulham |
| Leeds United |
| Rotherham County |
| South Shields |
| Southampton |
| West Ham United |
| Nelson |
| Portsmouth |
| Charlton Athletic |
| Millwall |
| Plymouth Argyle |
| Swansea City |
| Brentford |
| Norwich City |
| Ipswich Town |
| Northampton Town |
| Queens Park Rangers |
| Bristol Rovers |
| Oxford United |
| York City |
| Brighton & Hove Albion |
| Watford |
| Wimbledon |
| Swindon Town |
| Wigan Athletic |
| Reading |
| AFC Bournemouth |
پیدا کردن همهٔ بازی‌های مجزا
In [17]:
# Extract distinct Games
ManU %>%
select(home, visitor) %>%
distinct()
| home | visitor |
|---|---|
| Accrington F.C. | Manchester United |
| Aston Villa | Manchester United |
| Blackburn Rovers | Manchester United |
| Bolton Wanderers | Manchester United |
| Burnley | Manchester United |
| Derby County | Manchester United |
| Everton | Manchester United |
| Manchester United | Accrington F.C. |
| Manchester United | Aston Villa |
| Manchester United | Blackburn Rovers |
| Manchester United | Bolton Wanderers |
| Manchester United | Burnley |
| Manchester United | Derby County |
| Manchester United | Everton |
| Manchester United | Nottingham Forest |
| Manchester United | Notts County |
| Manchester United | Preston North End |
| Manchester United | Sheffield Wednesday |
| Manchester United | Stoke City |
| Manchester United | Sunderland |
| Manchester United | West Bromwich Albion |
| Manchester United | Wolverhampton Wanderers |
| Nottingham Forest | Manchester United |
| Notts County | Manchester United |
| Preston North End | Manchester United |
| Sheffield Wednesday | Manchester United |
| Stoke City | Manchester United |
| Sunderland | Manchester United |
| West Bromwich Albion | Manchester United |
| Wolverhampton Wanderers | Manchester United |
| ⋮ | ⋮ |
| Brentford | Manchester United |
| Manchester United | Brentford |
| Manchester United | Norwich City |
| Norwich City | Manchester United |
| Ipswich Town | Manchester United |
| Manchester United | Ipswich Town |
| Manchester United | Northampton Town |
| Northampton Town | Manchester United |
| Manchester United | Queens Park Rangers |
| Queens Park Rangers | Manchester United |
| Bristol Rovers | Manchester United |
| Manchester United | Bristol Rovers |
| Manchester United | Oxford United |
| Manchester United | York City |
| Oxford United | Manchester United |
| York City | Manchester United |
| Brighton & Hove Albion | Manchester United |
| Manchester United | Brighton & Hove Albion |
| Manchester United | Watford |
| Watford | Manchester United |
| Manchester United | Wimbledon |
| Wimbledon | Manchester United |
| Manchester United | Swindon Town |
| Swindon Town | Manchester United |
| Manchester United | Wigan Athletic |
| Wigan Athletic | Manchester United |
| Manchester United | Reading |
| Reading | Manchester United |
| AFC Bournemouth | Manchester United |
| Manchester United | AFC Bournemouth |
اضافه کردن یک ستون جدید.
In [18]:
# Add column
ManU %>%
mutate(gain = goaldif / totgoal) %>%
select(gain,goaldif,totgoal)
| gain | goaldif | totgoal |
|---|---|---|
| 0.0000000 | 0 | 4 |
| 1.0000000 | 2 | 2 |
| 0.1428571 | 1 | 7 |
| 0.6000000 | 3 | 5 |
| 0.6000000 | 3 | 5 |
| 0.6666667 | 4 | 6 |
| 1.0000000 | 6 | 6 |
| 0.0000000 | 0 | 6 |
| 1.0000000 | 2 | 2 |
| 0.0000000 | 0 | 8 |
| 1.0000000 | 1 | 1 |
| 0.0000000 | 0 | 2 |
| 0.7500000 | 6 | 8 |
| -0.1428571 | -1 | 7 |
| -0.5000000 | -2 | 4 |
| -0.5000000 | -2 | 4 |
| 0.3333333 | 1 | 3 |
| -0.6666667 | -4 | 6 |
| 1.0000000 | 1 | 1 |
| -1.0000000 | -5 | 5 |
| -0.3333333 | -2 | 6 |
| 0.8181818 | 9 | 11 |
| 0.0000000 | 0 | 2 |
| 1.0000000 | 4 | 4 |
| 0.3333333 | 1 | 3 |
| 1.0000000 | 1 | 1 |
| 0.7500000 | 6 | 8 |
| 1.0000000 | 6 | 6 |
| NaN | 0 | 0 |
| 1.0000000 | 2 | 2 |
| ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ |
| -1.0000000 | -3 | 3 |
| NaN | 0 | 0 |
| NaN | 0 | 0 |
| 1.0000000 | 2 | 2 |
| -0.3333333 | -1 | 3 |
| 0.0000000 | 0 | 2 |
| NaN | 0 | 0 |
| 0.3333333 | 1 | 3 |
| -0.3333333 | -1 | 3 |
| 1.0000000 | 2 | 2 |
| NaN | 0 | 0 |
| 0.3333333 | 1 | 3 |
| 0.0000000 | 0 | 6 |
| -1.0000000 | -1 | 1 |
| -1.0000000 | -1 | 1 |
| 1.0000000 | 3 | 3 |
| 0.0000000 | 0 | 2 |
| 0.3333333 | 1 | 3 |
| 0.2000000 | 1 | 5 |
| 1.0000000 | 1 | 1 |
| 1.0000000 | 1 | 1 |
| 1.0000000 | 2 | 2 |
| -1.0000000 | -1 | 1 |
| 1.0000000 | 1 | 1 |
| 1.0000000 | 3 | 3 |
| 1.0000000 | 1 | 1 |
| 0.2000000 | 1 | 5 |
| 0.0000000 | 0 | 2 |
| -1.0000000 | -1 | 1 |
| 0.5000000 | 2 | 4 |
انتخاب دو بازی به صورت تصادفی (به دو شیوه)
In [19]:
# Randomly sample games by number
ManU %>%
sample_n(2)
ManU %>%
sample_frac(0.01) %>%
head(2)
| Date | Season | home | visitor | FT | hgoal | vgoal | division | tier | totgoal | goaldif | result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1966-09-24 | 1966 | Manchester United | Burnley | 4-1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | H |
| 2010-09-26 | 2010 | Bolton Wanderers | Manchester United | 2-2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | D |
| Date | Season | home | visitor | FT | hgoal | vgoal | division | tier | totgoal | goaldif | result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1911-03-04 | 1910 | Middlesbrough | Manchester United | 2-2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | D |
| 1932-03-05 | 1931 | Notts County | Manchester United | 1-2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | -1 | A |
گروه‌بندی کردن داده بر اساس یک یا چند متغیر
In [20]:
# Group a data by one or more variable
ManU %>%
filter(home == "Manchester United") %>%
group_by(Season,tier) -> mang
mang
| Date | Season | home | visitor | FT | hgoal | vgoal | division | tier | totgoal | goaldif | result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1893-04-08 | 1892 | Manchester United | Accrington F.C. | 3-3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 0 | D |
| 1892-11-19 | 1892 | Manchester United | Aston Villa | 2-0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | H |
| 1892-11-05 | 1892 | Manchester United | Blackburn Rovers | 4-4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 0 | D |
| 1892-12-10 | 1892 | Manchester United | Bolton Wanderers | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H |
| 1892-09-10 | 1892 | Manchester United | Burnley | 1-1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | D |
| 1892-12-31 | 1892 | Manchester United | Derby County | 7-1 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 6 | H |
| 1892-10-19 | 1892 | Manchester United | Everton | 3-4 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 7 | -1 | A |
| 1893-01-14 | 1892 | Manchester United | Nottingham Forest | 1-3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | -2 | A |
| 1892-11-12 | 1892 | Manchester United | Notts County | 1-3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | -2 | A |
| 1893-04-01 | 1892 | Manchester United | Preston North End | 2-1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | H |
| 1892-12-24 | 1892 | Manchester United | Sheffield Wednesday | 1-5 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 6 | -4 | A |
| 1893-03-31 | 1892 | Manchester United | Stoke City | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H |
| 1893-03-04 | 1892 | Manchester United | Sunderland | 0-5 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 5 | -5 | A |
| 1892-10-08 | 1892 | Manchester United | West Bromwich Albion | 2-4 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 6 | -2 | A |
| 1892-10-15 | 1892 | Manchester United | Wolverhampton Wanderers | 10-1 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 9 | H |
| 1893-12-16 | 1893 | Manchester United | Aston Villa | 1-3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | -2 | A |
| 1894-03-12 | 1893 | Manchester United | Blackburn Rovers | 5-1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 | H |
| 1894-03-24 | 1893 | Manchester United | Bolton Wanderers | 2-2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | D |
| 1893-09-02 | 1893 | Manchester United | Burnley | 3-2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | H |
| 1893-11-04 | 1893 | Manchester United | Darwen | 0-1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | A |
| 1894-03-17 | 1893 | Manchester United | Derby County | 2-6 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 8 | -4 | A |
| 1893-12-02 | 1893 | Manchester United | Everton | 0-3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | -3 | A |
| 1893-09-23 | 1893 | Manchester United | Nottingham Forest | 1-1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | D |
| 1894-04-14 | 1893 | Manchester United | Preston North End | 1-3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | -2 | A |
| 1894-03-10 | 1893 | Manchester United | Sheffield United | 0-2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | -2 | A |
| 1894-01-13 | 1893 | Manchester United | Sheffield Wednesday | 1-2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | -1 | A |
| 1894-03-23 | 1893 | Manchester United | Stoke City | 6-2 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 4 | H |
| 1894-03-03 | 1893 | Manchester United | Sunderland | 2-4 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 6 | -2 | A |
| 1893-10-14 | 1893 | Manchester United | West Bromwich Albion | 4-1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | H |
| 1893-11-11 | 1893 | Manchester United | Wolverhampton Wanderers | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H |
| ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ |
| 2014-12-14 | 2014 | Manchester United | Liverpool | 3-0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | H |
| 2014-12-26 | 2014 | Manchester United | Newcastle United | 3-1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | H |
| 2015-01-11 | 2014 | Manchester United | Southampton | 0-1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | A |
| 2015-01-31 | 2014 | Manchester United | Leicester City | 3-1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | H |
| 2015-02-11 | 2014 | Manchester United | Burnley | 3-1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | H |
| 2015-02-28 | 2014 | Manchester United | Sunderland | 2-0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | H |
| 2015-03-15 | 2014 | Manchester United | Tottenham Hotspur | 3-0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | H |
| 2015-04-04 | 2014 | Manchester United | Aston Villa | 3-1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | H |
| 2015-04-12 | 2014 | Manchester United | Manchester City | 4-2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 2 | H |
| 2015-05-02 | 2014 | Manchester United | West Bromwich Albion | 0-1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | A |
| 2015-05-17 | 2014 | Manchester United | Arsenal | 1-1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | D |
| 2015-08-08 | 2015 | Manchester United | Tottenham Hotspur | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H |
| 2015-08-22 | 2015 | Manchester United | Newcastle United | 0-0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | D |
| 2015-09-12 | 2015 | Manchester United | Liverpool | 3-1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | H |
| 2015-09-26 | 2015 | Manchester United | Sunderland | 3-0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | H |
| 2015-10-25 | 2015 | Manchester United | Manchester City | 0-0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | D |
| 2015-11-07 | 2015 | Manchester United | West Bromwich Albion | 2-0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | H |
| 2015-12-05 | 2015 | Manchester United | West Ham United | 0-0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | D |
| 2015-12-19 | 2015 | Manchester United | Norwich City | 1-2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | -1 | A |
| 2015-12-28 | 2015 | Manchester United | Chelsea | 0-0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | D |
| 2016-01-02 | 2015 | Manchester United | Swansea City | 2-1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | H |
| 2016-01-23 | 2015 | Manchester United | Southampton | 0-1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | A |
| 2016-02-02 | 2015 | Manchester United | Stoke City | 3-0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | H |
| 2016-02-28 | 2015 | Manchester United | Arsenal | 3-2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | H |
| 2016-03-02 | 2015 | Manchester United | Watford | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H |
| 2016-04-20 | 2015 | Manchester United | Crystal Palace | 2-0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | H |
| 2016-04-03 | 2015 | Manchester United | Everton | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H |
| 2016-04-16 | 2015 | Manchester United | Aston Villa | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | H |
| 2016-05-01 | 2015 | Manchester United | Leicester City | 1-1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | D |
| 2016-05-16 | 2015 | Manchester United | AFC Bournemouth | 3-1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | H |
خلاصه‌سازی
In [21]:
# make summary table
mang %>%
summarise(
HAG = round(mean(hgoal),2),
HTG = sum(hgoal),
HW = sum(result == "H")) -> Hstat
Hstat
| Season | tier | HAG | HTG | HW |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1892 | 1 | 2.60 | 39 | 6 |
| 1893 | 1 | 1.93 | 29 | 5 |
| 1894 | 2 | 3.47 | 52 | 9 |
| 1895 | 2 | 3.20 | 48 | 12 |
| 1896 | 2 | 2.47 | 37 | 11 |
| 1897 | 2 | 2.80 | 42 | 11 |
| 1898 | 2 | 3.00 | 51 | 12 |
| 1899 | 2 | 2.59 | 44 | 15 |
| 1900 | 2 | 1.82 | 31 | 11 |
| 1901 | 2 | 1.59 | 27 | 10 |
| 1902 | 2 | 1.88 | 32 | 9 |
| 1903 | 2 | 2.47 | 42 | 14 |
| 1904 | 2 | 3.53 | 60 | 16 |
| 1905 | 2 | 2.89 | 55 | 15 |
| 1906 | 1 | 1.74 | 33 | 10 |
| 1907 | 1 | 2.26 | 43 | 15 |
| 1908 | 1 | 1.95 | 37 | 10 |
| 1909 | 1 | 2.16 | 41 | 14 |
| 1910 | 1 | 2.47 | 47 | 14 |
| 1911 | 1 | 1.53 | 29 | 9 |
| 1912 | 1 | 2.16 | 41 | 13 |
| 1913 | 1 | 1.42 | 27 | 8 |
| 1914 | 1 | 1.42 | 27 | 8 |
| 1919 | 1 | 0.95 | 20 | 6 |
| 1920 | 1 | 1.62 | 34 | 9 |
| 1921 | 1 | 1.19 | 25 | 7 |
| 1922 | 2 | 1.19 | 25 | 10 |
| 1923 | 2 | 1.76 | 37 | 10 |
| 1924 | 2 | 1.90 | 40 | 17 |
| 1925 | 1 | 1.90 | 40 | 12 |
| ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ |
| 1986 | 1 | 1.81 | 38 | 13 |
| 1987 | 1 | 2.05 | 41 | 14 |
| 1988 | 1 | 1.42 | 27 | 10 |
| 1989 | 1 | 1.37 | 26 | 8 |
| 1990 | 1 | 1.79 | 34 | 11 |
| 1991 | 1 | 1.62 | 34 | 12 |
| 1992 | 1 | 1.86 | 39 | 14 |
| 1993 | 1 | 1.86 | 39 | 14 |
| 1994 | 1 | 2.00 | 42 | 16 |
| 1995 | 1 | 1.89 | 36 | 15 |
| 1996 | 1 | 2.00 | 38 | 12 |
| 1997 | 1 | 2.21 | 42 | 13 |
| 1998 | 1 | 2.37 | 45 | 14 |
| 1999 | 1 | 3.11 | 59 | 15 |
| 2000 | 1 | 2.58 | 49 | 15 |
| 2001 | 1 | 2.11 | 40 | 11 |
| 2002 | 1 | 2.21 | 42 | 16 |
| 2003 | 1 | 1.95 | 37 | 12 |
| 2004 | 1 | 1.63 | 31 | 12 |
| 2005 | 1 | 1.95 | 37 | 13 |
| 2006 | 1 | 2.42 | 46 | 15 |
| 2007 | 1 | 2.47 | 47 | 17 |
| 2008 | 1 | 2.26 | 43 | 16 |
| 2009 | 1 | 2.74 | 52 | 16 |
| 2010 | 1 | 2.58 | 49 | 18 |
| 2011 | 1 | 2.74 | 52 | 15 |
| 2012 | 1 | 2.37 | 45 | 16 |
| 2013 | 1 | 1.53 | 29 | 9 |
| 2014 | 1 | 2.16 | 41 | 14 |
| 2015 | 1 | 1.42 | 27 | 12 |
In [22]:
# Table of Manchester United results
ManU %>%
filter(visitor == "Manchester United") %>%
group_by(Season,tier) %>%
summarise(
VAG = round(mean(hgoal),2),
VTG = sum(hgoal),
VW = sum(result == "H")) -> VStat
full_join(Hstat,VStat)
Joining, by = c("Season", "tier")
| Season | tier | HAG | HTG | HW | VAG | VTG | VW |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1892 | 1 | 2.60 | 39 | 6 | 3.33 | 50 | 12 |
| 1893 | 1 | 1.93 | 29 | 5 | 2.60 | 39 | 14 |
| 1894 | 2 | 3.47 | 52 | 9 | 1.73 | 26 | 7 |
| 1895 | 2 | 3.20 | 48 | 12 | 2.80 | 42 | 11 |
| 1896 | 2 | 2.47 | 37 | 11 | 1.60 | 24 | 8 |
| 1897 | 2 | 2.80 | 42 | 11 | 1.67 | 25 | 6 |
| 1898 | 2 | 3.00 | 51 | 12 | 1.71 | 29 | 9 |
| 1899 | 2 | 2.59 | 44 | 15 | 0.94 | 16 | 9 |
| 1900 | 2 | 1.82 | 31 | 11 | 1.71 | 29 | 13 |
| 1901 | 2 | 1.59 | 27 | 10 | 2.41 | 41 | 12 |
| 1902 | 2 | 1.88 | 32 | 9 | 1.35 | 23 | 7 |
| 1903 | 2 | 2.47 | 42 | 14 | 1.12 | 19 | 5 |
| 1904 | 2 | 3.53 | 60 | 16 | 1.18 | 20 | 4 |
| 1905 | 2 | 2.89 | 55 | 15 | 0.79 | 15 | 3 |
| 1906 | 1 | 1.74 | 33 | 10 | 2.16 | 41 | 10 |
| 1907 | 1 | 2.26 | 43 | 15 | 1.53 | 29 | 6 |
| 1908 | 1 | 1.95 | 37 | 10 | 1.84 | 35 | 10 |
| 1909 | 1 | 2.16 | 41 | 14 | 2.16 | 41 | 9 |
| 1910 | 1 | 2.47 | 47 | 14 | 1.16 | 22 | 7 |
| 1911 | 1 | 1.53 | 29 | 9 | 2.16 | 41 | 9 |
| 1912 | 1 | 2.16 | 41 | 13 | 1.53 | 29 | 8 |
| 1913 | 1 | 1.42 | 27 | 8 | 2.05 | 39 | 10 |
| 1914 | 1 | 1.42 | 27 | 8 | 2.26 | 43 | 12 |
| 1919 | 1 | 0.95 | 20 | 6 | 1.57 | 33 | 8 |
| 1920 | 1 | 1.62 | 34 | 9 | 2.00 | 42 | 9 |
| 1921 | 1 | 1.19 | 25 | 7 | 2.24 | 47 | 15 |
| 1922 | 2 | 1.19 | 25 | 10 | 0.90 | 19 | 6 |
| 1923 | 2 | 1.76 | 37 | 10 | 1.38 | 29 | 11 |
| 1924 | 2 | 1.90 | 40 | 17 | 0.81 | 17 | 7 |
| 1925 | 1 | 1.90 | 40 | 12 | 2.24 | 47 | 12 |
| ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ |
| 1986 | 1 | 1.81 | 38 | 13 | 1.29 | 27 | 9 |
| 1987 | 1 | 2.05 | 41 | 14 | 1.05 | 21 | 4 |
| 1988 | 1 | 1.42 | 27 | 10 | 1.16 | 22 | 9 |
| 1989 | 1 | 1.37 | 26 | 8 | 1.74 | 33 | 11 |
| 1990 | 1 | 1.79 | 34 | 11 | 1.47 | 28 | 6 |
| 1991 | 1 | 1.62 | 34 | 12 | 0.95 | 20 | 4 |
| 1992 | 1 | 1.86 | 39 | 14 | 0.81 | 17 | 4 |
| 1993 | 1 | 1.86 | 39 | 14 | 1.19 | 25 | 3 |
| 1994 | 1 | 2.00 | 42 | 16 | 1.14 | 24 | 5 |
| 1995 | 1 | 1.89 | 36 | 15 | 1.37 | 26 | 6 |
| 1996 | 1 | 2.00 | 38 | 12 | 1.42 | 27 | 3 |
| 1997 | 1 | 2.21 | 42 | 13 | 0.89 | 17 | 5 |
| 1998 | 1 | 2.37 | 45 | 14 | 1.00 | 19 | 2 |
| 1999 | 1 | 3.11 | 59 | 15 | 1.53 | 29 | 3 |
| 2000 | 1 | 2.58 | 49 | 15 | 1.00 | 19 | 4 |
| 2001 | 1 | 2.11 | 40 | 11 | 1.47 | 28 | 3 |
| 2002 | 1 | 2.21 | 42 | 16 | 1.16 | 22 | 4 |
| 2003 | 1 | 1.95 | 37 | 12 | 1.05 | 20 | 6 |
| 2004 | 1 | 1.63 | 31 | 12 | 0.74 | 14 | 4 |
| 2005 | 1 | 1.95 | 37 | 13 | 1.37 | 26 | 4 |
| 2006 | 1 | 2.42 | 46 | 15 | 0.79 | 15 | 3 |
| 2007 | 1 | 2.47 | 47 | 17 | 0.79 | 15 | 4 |
| 2008 | 1 | 2.26 | 43 | 16 | 0.58 | 11 | 3 |
| 2009 | 1 | 2.74 | 52 | 16 | 0.84 | 16 | 5 |
| 2010 | 1 | 2.58 | 49 | 18 | 1.32 | 25 | 4 |
| 2011 | 1 | 2.74 | 52 | 15 | 0.74 | 14 | 3 |
| 2012 | 1 | 2.37 | 45 | 16 | 1.26 | 24 | 2 |
| 2013 | 1 | 1.53 | 29 | 9 | 1.16 | 22 | 5 |
| 2014 | 1 | 2.16 | 41 | 14 | 1.16 | 22 | 5 |
| 2015 | 1 | 1.42 | 27 | 12 | 1.37 | 26 | 8 |
منابعی برای مطالعهٔ بیش‌تر
کتاب R برای علوم داده
lecture ۵ از منابع درسی تحلیل داده‌ها - دکتر احیایی و دکتر میرصادقی
In [ ]: